Health impacts of active commuters’ exposure to traffic-related air pollution in Stockholm, Sweden

•19 active commuters' personal NO2-exposure was measured with diffusive samplers.•Average exposure was 67 μgNO2/m3, 5 times higher than the background concentration.•The increased risk for premature death was estimated to 3.3% (1.9%–4.8%).•This indicated that active commuting in Stockholm accounts for about 1/4 of the annual dose of NO2.•Greater separation between motor traffic and walking and cycling paths is recommended.