Green'S-Function Formulation For Studying The Backaction Cooling Of A Levitated Nanosphere In An Arbitrary Structure

In this paper, we present a formulation based on the Green's function to study the backaction cooling of a levitated nanosphere in an arbitrary structure. This formulation has enabled us to study the dynamical backaction effect and the possibility of cooling in the absence of a cavity or when the nanosphere is trapped outside a cavity and excites a continuum of electromagnetic modes. We also investigate the roles of the Stokes and anti-Stokes processes, separately, and show that the anti-Stokes process is not necessarily the sole cooling agent. This is in sheer contrast with the intracavity cooling scenario.