Thermal Design Considerations for III-N Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers Using Electro-Opto-Thermal Numerical Simulations

III-N VCSELs undergo severe self-heating which limits the output optical power. This makes thermal management a critical design consideration. The three most common VCSEL structures (hybrid VCSELs, flip-chip VCSELs and ELOG VCSELs) have been studied using advanced self-consistent electro-opto-thermal numerical simulations. The key geometric and material parameters affecting the thermal resistance ...