Multifunktionale und synergetische Pumpspeicherkraftwerke

Pumped-storage hydropower plants are the efficient and most mature energy storage for balanced and stable electrical energy systems. Underground pumped hydro is becoming a promising concept to address various challenges and enabling completely new, multifunctional and synergetic plant concepts regardless topography. Underground seawater pumped-storage, with the ocean as an infinite upper reservoir and the upgrade of existing reservoirs by deep underground caverns utilize existing resources for an even more economical realization of pumped hydro. Thermal pumped-storage power schemes as electrically and thermally combined energy storage are the innovative technological evolution for a holistic and resource-efficient, regenerative energy supply.