Is the inter-rater reliability of hip and shoulder strength testing different between hand-held and portable fixed dynamometers?

Introduction: Isokinetic dynamometry is the gold standard for strength assessment, but it is costly, time consuming and not readily available to clinicians. Hand held dynamometry (HHD) is a clinical alternative but HHD measurements demonstrate large variations based on assessor strength. Portable fixed dynamometers (PFD) may provide an option that can be used clinically with minimal variations between assessors. However, there have been few investigations into PFD reliability. Therefore, this study aimed to establish and compare PFD and HHD inter-rater reliability for hip and shoulder movements.