Full-duplex massive MIMO relaying systems with low-resolution ADCs over Rician fading channels.

In this study, the authors study the achievable rate of the full-duplex massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) relaying system with low-resolution analogue-to-digital converters (ADCs) over Rician fading channels, where maximum ratio combining/maximum ratio transmission are adopted. They first investigate the approximate rate with perfect channel state information by considering the effect of the quantisation error, the loop interference (LI) and the Rician K -factor. Then, they analyse the relationship between the achievable rate and several important variables in the Rician fading channel. It is shown that a large number of antenna arrays at the relay can compensate for the rate loss caused by quantisation at the relay end, and the quantisation bits at the destination have a greater influence on the rate than the quantisation bits at the relay end. In particular, as the number of antennas increases, the rate determined by the quantisation bits at the destination tends to a finite value. They also conclude that the Rician K -factor is proportional to the rate and the attenuation of the rate is very obvious when the LI is large. Finally, the simulation results are presented to verify their analysis.