A 192-pW Voltage Reference Generating Bandgap- $V_{\text{th}}$ With Process and Temperature Dependence Compensation.

This article presents a methodology to design a circuit to compensate for process skew by exploiting an inherent dimension-dependent effect of process skew on change in the threshold voltage. We design a voltage reference circuit with a hybrid architecture of bandgap reference (BGR) and CMOS reference, which generates a nominal voltage level of (bandgap - threshold). By compensating the process sk...