Quantitative low-dose rest and stress CT myocardial perfusion imaging with a whole-heart coverage scanner improves functional assessment of coronary artery disease

Objective We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of myocardial blood flow (MBF) and perfusion reserve (MPR) measured from low-dose dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) imaging with a whole-heart coverage CT scanner for detecting functionally significant coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods Twenty one patients with suspected or known CAD had rest and dipyridamole stress MBF measurements with CT and SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI), and lumen narrowing assessment with coronary angiography (catheter and/or CT based) within 6 weeks. SPECT MBF measurements and coronary angiography were used together as reference to determine the functional significance of coronary artery stenosis. In each CT MPI study, DCE images of the whole heart were acquired with breath-hold using a low-dose acquisition protocol to generate MBF maps. Binomial logistic regression analysis was used to determine the diagnostic accuracy of CT-measured MBF and MPR (ratio of stress to rest MBF) for assessing functionally significant coronary stenosis. Results Mean stress MBF and MPR in ischemic segments were lower than those in non-ischemic segments (1.37 ± 0.34 vs. 2.14 ± 0.64 ml/min/g; 1.56 ± 0.41 vs. 2.53 ± 0.70; p < 0.05 for all). The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that MPR (AUC 0.916, 95%CI: 0.885–0.947) had a superior power than stress MBF (AUC 0.869, 95%CI: 0.830–0.909) for differentiating non-ischemic and ischemic myocardial segments (p = 0.045). On a per-vessel and per-segment analysis, concomitant use of MPR and stress MBF thresholds further improved the diagnostic accuracy compared to MPR or stress MBF alone for detecting obstructive coronary lesions (per-vessel: 93.4% vs. 83.6% and 88.5%, respectively; per-segment: 90.0% vs. 83.7% and 83.1%, respectively). The estimated effective dose of a rest and stress CT MPI study was 3.04 and 3.19 mSv respectively. Conclusion Quantitative rest and stress myocardial perfusion measurement with a large-coverage CT scanner improves the diagnostic accuracy for detecting functionally significant coronary stenosis.