Diblock Brush-Arm Star Copolymers Via A Core-First/Graft-From Approach Using Gamma-Cyclodextrin And Romp: A Modular Platform For Drug Delivery

The design and synthesis of a novel multifunctional core initiator based on gamma-cyclodextrin (gamma-CD) functionalized with eight norbornenes is reported, and a core-first approach to make eight-arm star polymers using ring-opening metathesis polymerization is carried out by grafting-from the initiator using norbornene-functionalized hexaethylene glycol. The living nature of the polymerization was verified through chain extension of the omega-functional arms with norbornene-functionalized poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG, M-n approximate to 2 kDa) to generate water-soluble diblock brush-arm star copolymers (DBASCs) with high molar masses (M-n,M-NMR = 187-268 kDa) and low dispersities (D = 1.12-1.19). The size of the corresponding star polymers was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering (D-h approximate to 10.0-11.0 nm). The thermal properties (e.g., T-g) of the DBASCs were determined by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry, the latter of which showed well-ordered materials in the solid state (prominent T-c and T-m peaks). The long-range order and crystallinity of solid-state DBASCs was further supported by well-defined powder X-ray diffraction patterns. Lastly, since gamma-CD possesses an order of magnitude greater solubility in water and enhanced drug-binding capabilities compared to that for beta-CD, a representative DBASC was evaluated against healthy human umbilical vein endothelial cells (and exhibited low toxicity), and was also investigated as a delivery vehicle for the anticancer drug doxorubicin as its hydrochloride salt (DOX center dot HCl), resulting in greater potency against MCF-7 breast cancer cells relative to that of the free DOX center dot HCl treatment. The star polymers reported herein represent a new modular polymeric platform with potential applications in nanostructure self-assembly and drug delivery.