Optimal impacts of combined fuel-cell/CHP/battery and power microgrid with real-time energy management

This work presents a short-term scheduling of fuel cell and combined heat and power (CHP) through the microgrid (MG) based on cost and emission minimization as well as various demand response (DR) program, as a multiobjective MG dispatch problem. Accordingly, this problem is solved based on new multiobjective optimization algorithm and fuzzy mechanism to select the best value. The proposed system consists of two CHP units, fuel cell and battery systems, and heat buffer tank. Furthermore, in CHPs two various feasible operating regions have been considered. Hence, to reduce the operational cost, time of-use (TOU), and real-time pricing (RTP) DR programs have been simulated, and the impacts of the mentioned models are evaluated over load profile. To calculate the effectiveness of the suggested model three cases have been studied. The first one is evaluated without considering DR programs. For the next one TOU-DR and RTP-DR are considered respectively and the impact of DR programs on MG scheduling is discussed.