Propensity-Matched Analysis Comparing Survival after Sublobar Resection and Lobectomy for Ct1n0 Lung Adenocarcinoma

Background The optimal surgical method for cT1N0 lung adenocarcinoma remains controversial. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in clinical outcomes of sublobar resection and lobectomy for cT1N0 lung adenocarcinoma patients. Methods We included 1035 consecutive patients with cT1N0 lung adenocarcinoma who underwent surgery at our institute from January 2011 to December 2016. The surgical approach, either sublobar resection or lobectomy, was determined at the discretion of each surgeon. A propensity-matched analysis incorporating total tumor diameter, solid component diameter, consolidation-to-tumor (C/T) ratio, and performance status was used to compare the clinical outcomes of the sublobar resection and lobectomy groups. Results Sublobar resection and lobectomy were performed for 604 (58.4%; wedge resection/segmentectomy: 470/134) and 431 (41.6%) patients, respectively. Patients in the sublobar resection group had smaller total tumor diameters, smaller solid component diameters, lower C/T ratios, and better performance status. More lymph nodes were dissected in the lobectomy group. Patients in the sublobar resection group had better perioperative outcomes. A multivariable analysis revealed that the solid component diameter and serum carcinoembryonic antigen level are independent risk factors for tumor recurrence. After propensity matching, 284 paired patients in each group were included. No differences in overall survival (OS; p = 0.424) or disease-free survival (DFS; p = 0.296) were noted between the two matched groups. Conclusions Sublobar resection is not inferior to lobectomy regarding both DFS and OS for cT1N0 lung adenocarcinoma patients. Sublobar resection may be a feasible surgical method for cT1N0 lung adenocarcinoma.