Estabilidad genética entre clones de berenjena in vitro inducidos por diferentes reguladores de crecimiento de plantas

Many factors may influence the genetic stability of plant in vitro clones, among which the genotype and the regenerative process induced by plant growth regulators. The resulting somaclonal variations may be useful for breeding projects, but may be detrimental to germplasm conservation. The objective of this work was to evaluate the genetic stability of Solanum melongena cv. Florida Market clones, obtained in response to different plant growth regulators. For the production of clones, leaf explants were used from commercial seed germinated plants. The explants were inoculated in Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with different plant growth regulators at pre­defined concentrations. The DNA was extracted by the CTAB method from leaves of complete plants obtained by somatic embryogenesis induced by naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) or indirect organogenesis induced by benzylaminopurine (BAP) or thidiazuron (TDZ). For the RAPD, 117 DNA samples were amplified by ten decamer primers and 49 specific bands were selected among the products for the comparative study. A total of 5733 fragments were obtained, with a rate of 5.37% polymorphism. NAA did not generate polymorphism and the BAP was responsible for the highest rate obtained (14.28%). Two RAPD primers were identified as markers for monitoring the genetic stability of eggplant. The polymorphic pattern was observed only in clones originating from indirect organogenesis. These results indicate the usefulness of a monitoring protocol for studies using in vitro cloned eggplant.