Realistic modelling of shelf-estuary regions

A very high-resolution modelling configuration was created for the estuary of Baía de Todos os Santos – BTS, Brazil (300 to 400 m), and adjacent coastal waters (600 to 1200 m). The adoption of a multi-corner domain approach allowed the variable spatial resolution required to resolve the shelf, the bay and their interactions. Seven years were simulated using realistic oceanic, atmospheric and riverine forcing. Model validation was done against observations showing the model skill to reproduce the thermohaline field, the tidal currents, as well as the variability of the free surface at tidal and sub-tidal time scales. The results provide the first representation of the tidal wave propagation along the bay, in terms of maps of amplitudes, phases and ellipses of the barotropic currents for the main tidal constituents. By analysing the residual currents at different depths, in terms of averages over the simulation period, several prominent structures were identified and named: (i) Salvador eddy (up to 0.2 m s −1 ); (ii) St Antonio current (up to 0.45 m s −1 ); (iii) Salvador current (up to 0.5 m s −1 ); (iv) Itaparica eddy (up to 0.2 m s −1 ); (v) Ilha dos Frades southern eddy (up to 0.1 m s −1 ); and (vi) Ilha dos Frades northern eddy (up to 0.2 m s −1 ). The model set-up proved to be highly efficient and robust simulating the BTS shelf-estuary region and such an approach may be suitable to other estuarine systems.