Factors affecting usability of 3D model learning in a virtual reality environment

The aim of the present study was to explore the learning usability factors of 3D modeling in virtual reality environment (VRE). Users' 3D modeling usability factors in VR were investigated through principal component analysis (PCA). Fifty industrial design students participated in the 3D modeling learning in VR experience experiment, and their average age was 23.9 years (SD = 1.6). System Usability Scale (SUS) scores and user experience of the 3D modeling interface of the participants in the VR environment were also assessed. The results show that there are three major usability factors in 3D modeling learning in VR work: interactive quality, dynamic compatibility, and flow effects. In addition, the users' learning experiences of the 3D modeling in VR are described. The results can be provided to 3D modeling software developers as a key reference in VR learning interface design.