Three dimensional nanosuperstructures made of two-dimensional materials by design: Synthesis, properties, and applications

•Comprehensive summary of the synthesis of 3D nanosuperstructures (3DSs) made of graphene, BN, TMD, and MXene.•Systematic discussion on properties of 3DSs, and modulating approaches to meet the requirement of specific applications.•Introduction on the broadest scope of applications enabled by 3DSs: energy, sensing, environment, and tissue engineering.