Improving the Reliability of TMR With Nontriplicated I/O on SRAM FPGAs

Triple modular redundancy (TMR) with repair is a commonly employed mitigation strategy used on SRAM field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) to reduce the effects of ionizing radiation and improve a circuit's sensitive cross section. This article examines TMR circuits, where the I/O ports of the circuit have not been triplicated, but the internal circuitry has. Such circuits introduce single-point f...