Recent advances in high performance blue organic light-emitting diodes based on fluorescence emitters

For the development of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and their applications in display and lighting fields, the efficiency, stability and cost are the most important performances to be considered. Particularly, the blue materials are the key factor that influences the foundation of OLED applications. Although the blue phosphors with triplet emission can realize high efficiency, their bad stability and severe efficiency roll-off at high luminance greatly hinder their application. Comparatively speaking, the blue fluorophors with singlet emission are still the best choice due to the advantages of long lifetime and low cost up to now. This review mainly focuses on the advances in high performance blue OLEDs based on fluorescence emitters from the perspective of mechanisms and device structures. The efficient methods to harvest triplets, molecular orientation effects and stability are discussed emphatically. We also demonstrate the future direction in the design of materials and device structures for high performance blue fluorescence OLEDs.