Bioinspired functional organohydrogels with synergistic multiphase heterostructure

In nature, many adaptive organohydrogels with synergistic heterostructures exist extensively in biological soft tissues and play an important role in biological activities, such as anti-freezing organohydrogels in alpine organism cells and mechanical anisotropic organohydrogels in muscle tissues. The extraordinary adaptive function of natural hydrogels far exceeds that of current synthetic hydrogels. Therefore, bioinspired design is an effective approach to develop high-performance hydrogels with adaptability. Until now, several empirical strategies have developed to fabricate the adaptive hydrogels. In this feature article, we reviewed our recent advances in high-performance adaptive organohydrogels with synergistic heterostructures in terms of critical design principles as well as fabrication strategies, including freezing tolerance, surface functionalization, shape memory, and mechanical anisotropy. Meanwhile, we also explored the current challenges and prospects of the bioinspired adaptive hydrogel field.