Investigation of enhanced volumetric solar steam generation by a lower concentration of ZrC nanofluid

Solar steam generation is an efficient photo thermal conversion method, which has a wide range of applications in water purification and desalination. With an increasing requirement for technological advancements, the low efficiency of the working media has become a hindrance. In this work, ZrC nanofluid, which has good stability and broad-band absorption capability, was prepared to enhance the volumetric solar steam generation. The effect of ZrC nanoparticle concentration, within a large volume, on a solar steam generation was experimentally studied. It has been found that due to the unique optical absorption characteristics of ZrC nanoparticles, an advantageous temperature gradient with hot irradiation surface layer is attained and the irradiation energy is mostly absorbed by the top surface layer to generate steam. This reduces heat dissipation and improves the evaporation efficiency of the working media. Enhanced solar steam generation by using ZrC nanofluid in the base fluid reduces evaporation costs and expands its applicability in commercial production.