NGS-based Characterization of Microbial Diversity and Functional Profiling of Solid Tannery Waste Metagenomes

Tanneries pose a serious threat to the environment by generating large amount of solid tannery waste (STW). Two metagenomes representing tannery waste dumpsites Jajmau (JJK) and Unnao (UNK) were sequenced using Illumina HiSeq platform. Microbial diversity analysis revealed domination of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Planctomycetes in both metagenomes. Presence of pollutant degrading microbes such as Bacillus, Clostridium, Halanaerobium and Pseudomonas strongly indicated their bioremediation ability. KEGG and SEED annotated main functional categories included carbohydrate metabolism, amino acids metabolism, and protein metabolism. KEGG displayed 5848 and 9633 proteases encoding ORFs compared to 5159 and 8044 ORFs displayed by SEED classification in JJK and UNK metagenomes, respectively. Abundantly present serine- and metallo-proteases belonging to Bacillaceae, Clostridiaceae, Xanthomonadaceae, Flavobacteriaceae and Chitinophagaceae families exhibited proteinaceous waste degrading ability of these metagenomes. Further structural and functional analysis of metagenome encoded enzymes may facilitate the discovery of novel proteases useful in bioremediation of STW.