Defining and spatially modelling cultural ecosystem services using crowdsourced data

•Crowdsourced data such as social media encourages a re-examination of the cultural ecosystem services concept.•Defining services as information-flows best enables service quantification.•A general typology of eight service categories is proposed.•Three spatial service models are presented in support of the definition and typology.•Employing crowdsourced data helps clarify the cultural ecosystem services concept.