Oblique crushing of truncated conical sandwich shell with corrugated core

All-metallic truncated conical sandwich shells with corrugated cores (TCSS) were investigated for crashworthiness under quasi-static oblique compression using a combined experimental and numerical approach. Subsequently, multi-objective optimization design of the TCSS was also performed by adopting the algorithm of NSGA-II to achieve maximum specific energy absorption (SEA) and minimum peak force (F-P). Compared with a monolithic shell, the TCSS exhibits much higher SEA and lower F-P under oblique loading, especially with its semi-apical angle set around 10 degrees to 15 degrees. The results provide valuable guidance for the application of truncated conical sandwich tubes in protective engineering, such as vehicle crashworthiness.