Linezolid Use for Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Georgia: a Retrospective Cohort Study

SETTING: Data on the long-term use of linezolid (LZD) in the treatment of drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (DR-PTB) are limited.OBJECTIVE: To assess safety, tolerability and efficacy of LZD-containing regimens for the treatment of DR-PTB in the country of Georgia.DESIGN: A retrospective study was conducted among DR-PTB patients receiving LZD 600 mg/day as part of newly implemented regimens (bedaquiline or delamanid, repurposed and second-line drugs) from July 2014 to October 2015 in programmatic conditions and following WHO recommendations.RESULTS: One hundred mostly male (82%) patients with a median age of 33 years received LZD. Most patients (77%) had previously been treated for TB; 57% had extensively drug-resistant TB. The median duration of LZD use was 503 days (interquartile range 355-616). LZD-associated adverse events occurred in 12 patients, leading to discontinuation in 4 (2 each due to peripheral neuropathy and cytopenias), and dose reduction to 300 mg/day in 6 cases (4 due to peripheral neuropathy and 2 for cytopenias). Almost all patients (95%) achieved culture conversion and 79% had a successful treatment outcomes.CONCLUSION: Treatment regimens including lengthy LZD use showed fairly good safety and tolerability and were associated with high rates of culture conversion and favorable outcomes.