Analysis of performance factors in 240 consecutive cases of robot-assisted flexible ureteroscopic stone treatment

Flexible ureteroscopy is the keystone of modern kidney stone treatment. Although a simple surgical technique achieves good clinical results and a low complication rate, there are high demands on the surgeon’s dexterity and ergonomic restrictions. Robotic-assisted flexible ureteroscopy (rfURS) could overcome these limitations. After 4 years of use of rfURS at a tertiary stone center, performance factors were analyzed to define the role of rfURS in kidney stone management. A rfURS system was installed in August 2014 at the SLK Kliniken (Heilbronn, Germany). Treatment data of N = 240 consecutive patients undergoing rfURS were prospectively collected and analyzed. The patient cohort represents typical stone formers. N = 240 renal units containing 443 stones with an average stone load of 1798 mm 3 were treated. Surgical parameters as well as the peri- and postoperative complications were recorded, analyzed and compared to the current data in the literature. OR time 91 min, stone treatment time 55 min, stone treatment efficacy 33 mm 3 /min; perioperative complications 5.4%; robot times: preparation 5 min, docking 5 min, console time to stone contact 6 min, console time 75 min; postoperative complications 6.7%; postoperative length of stay 1.5 days; stone-free rate (residuals < 2 mm) 90% and re-treatment rate 8.75%. This consecutive series represents real-life data about the utilization of rfURS. The detailed analysis of performance factors revealed the successful utilization of the first generation of robotic systems in endourologic stone surgery, and indicates that the robot performs comparably to conventional flexible URS. Optimal ergonomics maintain the surgeon’s endurance in long-lasting surgeries.