Development of a Prototype System for Spoofer Localization Based on TOA Measurements

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) suffers from the threat of spoofing attacks. To protect low-cost commercial off the shelf (COTS) receivers when spoofing attack occurs, an effective countermeasure is to locate the spoofer and somehow deactivate the spoofer. To this end, in this paper, a prototype system for spoofer localization is developed, in which the time of arrival (TOA) based localization technique is used. The system consists of four stand-alone GNSS receivers, which are connected via wireless communication modules for data collection. In order to demonstrate the feasibility of this system, a spoofing attack is considered where the spoofing signal can be detected and identified by receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM). Then, the spoofer is located by measuring the TOAs of the spoofing signal upon arriving at the four receivers. A series of field tests are carried out and demonstrate the feasibility of the system. Moreover, the factors that influence the performance of the system are also analyzed and validated by the field tests.