Global vaccine action plan lessons learned I: Recommendations for the next decade.

•GVAP provided a comprehensive and coherent global framework for immunization.•Much progress was achieved under GVAP, although most GVAP goals will not be met.•GVAP was perceived as top-down, with too little consideration of country context.•GVAP was only partially implemented, and it had limited levers to influence country actions.•Many targets were seen as unrealistic, particularly in the absence of additional funding.•Lessons learned from GVAP can inform the Immunization Agenda 2030.