Title Update on Urethral Bulking Agents for Female Stress Urinary Incontinence due to Intrinsic Sphincter Deficiency

Urethral Bulking Agent (UBA) injection is currently the second most commonly performed procedure for the treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence (SUI). It is second only to urethral sling placement. UBA injection is used for incontinence caused by Intrinsic Sphincter Deficiency (ISD). The search for an ideal bulking agent continues, however many agents have been proposed and tested while several of them have been removed from the market due to safety concerns. Currently, there are three UBAs available for use in the United States, with varied efficacy, durability, and location of administration that has been noted in the literature. This review provides an update of the current UBAs marketed in the United States while maintaining a clinical perspective on the injection procedure of UBAs in the outpatient office setting. Future directions and potential developments are discussed and demonstrate the promising future treatment