Comparative Studies on Watermelon Production in the North West and South West Regions of Cameroon : A Rural and a Peri-Urban Experience

Watermelon Citrullus lanatus (Thunb) is a fruit vegetable grown predominantly in the North West Region (NWR) and West Region (WR), both located in the western highland agricultural zones of Cameroon. This industry has a potential in the South West Region (SWR), located in the humid rainforest agriculture zone of the country, although yet to be well established. This study examined the activities of small-scale watermelon farmers in Santa (a rural community in the NWR) and in Buea (a peri-urban community in the SWR). A structured questionnaire and regular farm visits at daily intervals were done to elucidate knowledge gaps and lessons for improving watermelon production in Buea. The study lasted for 3 months (from March to May, 2015). Fifty farmers from each community were selected using the Snowball technique. The results show that farmers from Buea were significantly younger falling within the age bracket of 30 – 39 year (30.1 yrs) than those in Santa with most in the age bracket of 40 – 49 years (48.2 yrs). Youth participation was low for farmers from both regions. Women participation in Santa (30.0%) was significantly higher than in Buea (16.0%). Farmers in Santa had larger farm land (4.8±1.1 acres) than those in Buea (2.5±0.48 acres). Most farmers in Buea had other sources of income; consequently lesser time was devoted on to watermelon production unlike their counterparts in Santa who in many cases were full-time farmers. All the farmers in both locations used agrochemicals. The agrochemical dealers and buyers of the watermelon played fundamental roles in watermelon production. Not only did they supply agrochemicals, but also participated in making decisions on the variety of watermelon to be grown and choice of agrochemicals. Farmer-farmer communication was significantly (P < .05) higher in Santa than in Buea. Land acquisition was a major hindrance for most of the farmers in Buea (90.0%). As such this study recommends that a technical training for farmers and agrochemical dealers should be a priority on the government’s agenda so as to enhance watermelon production. Agricultural land should be a key component in urbanization programs. Exchanges on experience and skills among watermelon growers nationwide with women and youth involvement will be very relevant for a sustainable and vibrant watermelon sector. A schematic diagram has been provided with more recommendations.