Removal of Viruses and Pathogen Indicators by a Pilot-Scale Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor Treating Animal Waste

Appropriate treatment of agricultural waste is necessary for the protection of public health in rural areas because landapplied animal manure may transmit zoonotic disease. In this study, we evaluated the potential of using a pilot anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) to treat agricultural waste. The AnMBR system, following a conventional complete mix anaerobic digester (CMAD), achieved high removals of biological and chemical agents. The mean log10 removals of Eschrichia coli, enterococci, Clostridium perfringens, and coliphage by the AnMBR were 5.2, 6.1, 6.4, and 3.7, respectively, and for the CMAD were 1.5, 1.2, 0.1, and 0.5, respectively. Compared with other indicators, coliphage was observed most frequently and had the highest concentration in effluent samples. Bovine adenoviruses and bovine polyomaviruses (BPyV) were monitored in this study using nested PCR methods. All of the CMAD influent and CMAD effluent samples were positive for both viruses, and three AnMBR effluent samples were BPyV positive. The mean removals of total Kjeldahl nitrogen, total phosphate, chemical oxygen demand, total solid, and volatile solid by the entire system were 31, 96, 92, 82, and 91%, respectively, but there was no removal of ammonium. When the AnMBR was operated independent of the CMAD, AnMBR achieved similar E. coli and enterococci removals as the combined CMAD/AnMBR system. Conclusion The high quality of effluent produced by the pilot AnMBR system in this study demonstrated that such systems can be considered as alternatives for managing animal manure. References 1. Gerba, C. P., and J. E. Smith, Jr. 2005. J. Environ. Qual. 34:42-48. 2. Hundesa, A., C. Maluquer de Motes, S. Bofill-Mas, N. AlbinanaGimenez, and R. Girones. 2006. Appl Environ Microbiol 72:7886-93. 3. Ottoson, J., A. Hansen, B. Bjorlenius, H. Norder, and T. A. Stenstrom. Water Res. 40:1449-57. Methods