A comparison of in vivo , in vitro , and in silico wrist muscle activity

INTRODUCTION Understanding how the muscles that act on the wrist achieve different motions would have the potential to provide insight into the pathology of neuromuscular diseases, improve rehabilitation protocols, and enhance prosthetic design. However, most previous research into wrist muscle activity has focused on gripping or tendon forces via in vitro study [1]–[3]. The aim of this study was to investigate in vivo muscle activity of the wrist and compare results to in vitro and in silico data to determine how appropriate the two models are for predicting muscle activity patterns during motion.