jmbReview Antimicrobial Activity of Antimicrobial Peptide LPcin-YK 3 Derived from Bovine Lactophoricin

It is important to develop novel classes of antimicrobial agents and find new compounds for universal use in particular to fill a clinical need caused by the increase in resistant microorganisms due to overuse of antibiotics. Thousands of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent an abundant and diverse group of natural molecules that have now been discovered in a variety of plants, vertebrates, and invertebrates [1]. These AMPs have a variety of functions, the most notable of which is that they possess activities against a wide range of microorganisms, including Gramnegative/-positive bacteria, fungi, and protozoa as well as human cancer cells [2, 3]. The high potential of these peptides as a new generation of promising antimicrobial agents is widely acknowledged [4, 5], and some of them are well-known as food additives, as well as being used in the cultivation of plants and pharmaceutical industries [6, 7]. These peptides also have been used by the cosmetics industry for personal care products such as lotions, creams, ointments, wound dressings, natural preservatives and ingredients [8]. For example, consumers prefer to use natural additives to synthetic additives like paraben esters, methylisothiazolinone and so on. Besides, the public pressure in many countries has led to an assertion that the use of synthetic ingredients should be prohibited because of harmful effects, even though these additives are limited used in cosmetics. For these reasons, the numerous applications of AMPs as consumer-friendly alternatives to synthetic additives are certain to become more popular with consumers. Human skin naturally possesses AMPs such as defensins, cathelicidin, dermcidin and lactoferricin which serve important roles for the innate and/or adaptive immune skin immunity [9]. AMPs in the human skin, also known as host defense peptides, can act directly and indirectly to eliminate microbial flora. Once microbes have invaded the primary epithelial barrier ie, the skin, increased AMP Received: May 8, 2018 Revised: June 15, 2018 Accepted: June 16, 2018