Comparative eff ectiveness of immediate antiretroviral therapy versus CD4-based initiation in HIV-positive individuals in high-income countries: observational cohort study

Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA (S Lodi PhD, J G Young PhD, R Logan PhD, M A Hernán MD); University College London, London, UK (A Phillips PhD, S Jose MSc, C Sabin PhD); Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK (A Olson MA); Sorbonne Universités, University Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), UMR S1136, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Paris, France (D Costagliola PhD, S Abgrall MD); Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Service de Médecine Interne, Clamart, France (S Abgrall); Stichting HIV Monitoring, Amsterdam, Netherlands (A van Sighem PhD, P Reiss MD); Academic Medical Center, Department of Global Health and Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Amsterdam, and Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, Netherlands (P Reiss); Hospital Clinic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (J M Miró PhD); Bellvitge University Hospital, L’Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), University of Barcelona, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain (E Ferrer MD); Comparative eff ectiveness of immediate antiretroviral therapy versus CD4-based initiation in HIV-positive individuals in high-income countries: observational cohort study