Self-Sensing Electro-Ribbon Actuators.

In this letter, we investigate the viability of capacitance self-sensing of electro-ribbon actuators, allowing them to be used simultaneously as an actuator and a sensor. Initially the electro-ribbon actuator was implemented only as a sensor, and it was found that the exponential relationship between capacitance and displacement made the device a poor sensor at distances greater than 2 mm. When us...