Prospective Study of Untargeted Urinary Metabolomics and Risk of Lung Cancer among Never Smoking Women in Shanghai, China

Background: Never-smoking Chinese women have a high rate of lung cancer but the etiology is poorly understood. This study is the first to evaluate the untargeted urinary metabolome and risk of lung cancer among never-smoking women in China. Methods: This nested case-control study included 275 never-smoking lung cancer cases and 289 never-smoking controls from a prospective cohort, the Shanghai Women’s Health Study, comprising 73,363 Chinese women. Metabolic profiling of urinary chemical features was conducted using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between each log-transformed metabolite and lung cancer risk, after adjusting for potential confounders …