Periodontal disease and Helicobacter pylori infection in oral cavity: a meta-analysis of 2727 participants mainly based on Asian studies

Objectives To assess the association between periodontal disease and Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) infection in oral cavity. Materials and methods We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane library, Gray literature, and clinicaltrials.gov for eligible studies up to September 25, 2019. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. The random-effects model was used with the software STATA 13.0. The Newcastle-Ottawa-Scale was used for quality evaluation. Results Twelve observational studies (eight from Asia, one from Europe, and three from the South America) involving 2727 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The overall pooled results showed that H. pylori infection in oral cavity was associated with periodontal disease (OR 2.53, 95% CI 1.86–3.44, P < 0.05). No significant heterogeneity among the articles was observed ( I 2 = 44.3%, P < 0.05). The sensitivity analysis indicated that the result of our meta-analysis was generally stable. The Begg test and the Egger test both showed no publication bias was observed ( P = 0.45 and P = 0.18 respectively). Conclusions Based on current available evidence, it seemed there was a correlation between oral H. pylori infection and the occurrence of periodontal disease. However, since most of the data comes from Asia, more large-scale investigations with high quality from all over the world are needed to confirm the association. Clinical relevance H. pylori infection in oral may have a positive association with the prevalence of periodontal disease mainly in Asian populations.