Lignin-based resistance to Cuscuta campestris in tomato

species (dodders) are common agriculturally destructive parasitic angiosperms. However, some tomato cultivars exhibit resistance to dodders. The stem cortex in these lines responds with local lignification upon attachment, preventing parasite penetration into host. We compared gene expression patterns under infestation in resistant and susceptible cultivars and identified (Lignin Induction Factor 1, an -like transcription factor), , and (, a ) as key factors conferring host resistance. Transient overexpression results suggest that and directly regulate cortical lignification. Moreover, functions as a receptor for receiving signals to regulate lignification-based resistance. We also identified as a negative regulator of function. These results will aid in developing parasitic plant-resistant crops.