Chronic wireless streaming of invasive neural recordings at home for circuit discovery and adaptive stimulation

Invasive neural recording in humans shows promise for understanding the circuit basis of brain disorders. Most recordings have been done for short durations from externalized brain leads in hospital settings, or from first-generation implantable sensing devices that offer only intermittent brief streaming of time series data. Here we report the first human use of an implantable neural interface for wireless multichannel streaming of field potentials over long periods, with and without simultaneous therapeutic neurostimulation, untethered to receiving devices. Four Parkinson’s disease patients streamed bilateral 4-channel motor cortical and basal ganglia field potentials at home for over 500 hours, paired with wearable monitors that behaviorally categorize states of inadequate or excessive movement. Motor state during normal home activities was efficiently decoded using either supervised learning or unsupervised clustering algorithms. This platform supports adaptive deep brain stimulation, and may be widely applicable to brain disorders treatable by invasive neuromodulation.