Estimating Postmortem Interval for Human Cadavers in a Sub-Tropical Climate Using UV-Vis-near-infrared Spectroscopy.

Estimating postmortem interval (PMI) of surface found skeletal remains is challenging. This novel study used UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy to scan soil collected from cadaver decomposition islands (CDIs) ranging from 15- to 963-d postmortem and control soils. A decomposition product spectra model (DPS model) was constructed by deducting the control soil spectra from the CDI soil spectra for the estimation of postmortem indices: PMI (d), ADD(4), ADD(10), and ADD(20). The DPS model (n = 55) was calibrated and subjected to a full cross-validation. CalibrationR(2)and RPD for the DPS model ranged from 0.97 to 0.99 and from 6.1 to 9.9, respectively, for the four postmortem interval indices. ValidationR(2)and RPD for the DPS model ranged from 0.73 to 0.80 and from 1.9 to 2.2, respectively. The DPS model estimated postmortem intervals for three test CDIs in a clay soil under perennial grassland (test set 1; n = 3) and six CDIs in a sandy soil under a loblolly pine forest (test set 2; n = 6). Test set 1 had PMI prediction ranges from -69 to -117 days, -796 to +832 ADD(4), +552 to +2672 ADD(10), and -478 to -20 ADD(20)of observed PMI. Test set 2 PMI prediction ranged from -198 to -65 days, -9923 to +2629 ADD(4), -6724 to +1321 ADD(10), and -2850 to +540 ADD(20)of observed PMI. Test set 2 had poor predictions for two CDIs, for all measures of postmortem indices resulting in discussion of sampling depth, effect of body mass index (BMI), and scavenging.