Scientific foundations and current state of trace evidence—A review

In this paper, a review of the literature concerning the scientific foundations of trace evidence analysis is presented along with a discussion regarding the current challenges for the discipline. Information about the composition, manufacture, transfer, and persistence of trace materials are discussed with a focus on how each aspect impacts trace evidence interpretations. This paper reviews the literature that describes the underlying validity of trace evidence examination methods and interpretive approaches, highlighting experimental studies that describe performance measures, capabilities, and limitations of five trace subdisciplines: hair, fiber, tape, paint, and glass. This review is intended to serve as a foundational document in support of the trace evidence discipline and the interpretation approach being developed by the OSAC Materials (Trace) Subcommittee.