GLP-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of type 2 diabetes – state-of-the-art

•The GLP-1 receptor agonists class comprises seven compounds/preparations with a similar mode of action.•GLP-1 receptor agonists differ with respect to pharmacokinetic properties, duration of action, and clinical effectiveness.•Plasma glucose is lowered by effects on insulin and glucagon secretion, and by decelerating gastric emptying.•GLP-1 receptor agonists lower body weight by their influence on the central nervous system.•GLP-1 R reduce cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, stroke, and associated mortality).