Prognostic value of left ventricular mechanical dyssynchrony induced by exercise stress in patients with normal myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography

Background Left ventricular mechanical dyssynchrony (LVMD) induced by exercise stress was reported to be clinically useful in detecting multivessel coronary artery diseases. The aim of this study was to compare the prognostic value of LVMD induced by pharmacological stress with that induced by exercise stress. Methods We retrospectively examined 918 consecutive patients who underwent exercise (N = 310) or pharmacological stress (N = 608) 99m Tc-tetrofosmin single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with normal myocardial perfusion. LVMD was evaluated by phase analysis as the indices of phase bandwidth and phase standard deviation (PSD). Results During the follow-up period (2.2 ± 1.9 years), 74 major cardiac events (MCEs) occurred (7 cases of cardiac death, 17 cases of heart failure, and 50 cases of coronary intervention). In global patients, the indices of LVMD on rest images were significantly greater in patients with MCEs (bandwidth (°): 51 ± 31 vs 37 ± 21, P = .001, PSD: 14 ± 9 vs 10 ± 6, P = .001). The exercise stress bandwidth was significantly higher in patients with MCEs (62 ± 37° vs 42 ± 21°, P = .026), as was the pharmacological stress bandwidth (57 ± 35° vs 43 ± 24°, P = .006). Multivariate analysis demonstrated the exercise stress bandwidth to be an independent predictor of MCEs (HR 1.017, CI 1.003 to 1.032, P = .019), but the pharmacological stress bandwidth had no influence on MCEs. Conclusions LVMD induced by exercise stress was an independent predictor of MCEs in patients with normal perfusion SPECT, whereas that induced by pharmacological stress had no association with further events.