Clinically Efficacious Probiotics Modulate Neuronal Excitability and Anxiety-Related Behaviors in Germ-Free Mice in a Context-Dependent Manner

Emerging evidence suggests that the intestinal microbiota can influence brain functions and psychological behaviors. However, the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms associated with the gut microbiome-induced behavioral changes are largely unknown. To determine the gut-brain-behavior interaction mechanisms, we characterized both behaviors and electrophysiological effects of clinically efficacious probiotics in germ-free (GF) mice before or after conventionalization of their microbiome.