A time-delay estimation approach for coherent GPR signals by taking into account the noise pattern and radar pulse

In this paper, we propose to perform time-delay estimation (TDE) of coherent GPR signals by taking into account the radar pulse and noise pattern. The proposed method can process raw GPR data without whitening procedure and decorrelate coherent signals properly with a Hankel matrix which contains the signal eigenvector, the radar pulse and the noise characteristics. Simulations and a field experiment show the effectiveness of the proposed method.