Variations in catecholaminergic, gabergic, serotonergic genes are associated with mild and moderate persistent arm pain after breast cancer surgery

Persistent post-surgical pain in the arm after breast cancer surgery is common with prevalence rates that range from 20% to 25%. Recently, we used growth mixture modeling to identify latent classes (i.e., subgroups) of patients (n=398) with distinct trajectories of worst arm pain scores using a 0-10 numeric rating scale (NRS), reported prior to and monthly for 6 months after surgery. Three subgroups were identified: 164 (41.6%) classified as No Pain, 93 (23.6%) with