Calcium consumption and other predictors of bone mineral density in Venezuelan adolescents

The adequate accumulation of bone mass during adolescence is a protective factor against the development of osteoporosis and other bone conditions. Therefore, evaluation of the consumption of calcium and other determinants of bone mineral density (BMD) in adolescents is relevant. The consumption of calcium and other biological and lifestyle factors were evaluated as predictors of BMD in Venezuelan adolescents. A correlational cross-sectional study was conducted in a group of 60 adolescents (15-18 years old), of the 2011-2012 cohort of the Equal Opportunities Program of the Simon Bolivar University (USB). BMD, and the consumption of calcium and drinks antagonistic to calcium metabolism, were determined through a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire; the nutritional status (by body mass index) and the level of physical activity were also evaluated. On average, calcium intake was adequate (1183 women and 1315 mg/d men) and the main sources of calcium were milk and its derivatives. However, 42% of individuals had a calcium intake below recommended. The majority of adolescents presented BMI within normal values (78.4% women and 69.6% men). Physical activity levels were between low and moderate. 95% of adolescents presented an adequate BMD for their age, being sex and calcium consumption the main predictors. The calcium consumption is an important determinant of BMD, being necessary to ensure an adequate dietary contribution during adolescence, with the purpose of preventing a risk of nutritional deficiency that may affects bone health.