Primary Leiomyosarcoma of the Prostate Invading the Rectum and Bladder

Prostate sarcomas originate from the mesenchymal tissues including smooth muscle, fibromuscular stroma, paraganglia, nerves, and blood vessels. They account for less than 0.1% of all prostate tumors and often present with obstructive symptoms. Patients with leiomyosarcoma of the prostate commonly have poor prognosis and their life expectancy varies between 0% and 60% depending on the stage of the disease at the initial diagnosis. Histopathological examination is essential for definitive diagnosis, and can be performed at an early stage using guided transrectal prostate biopsy. Since prostate specific antigen levels are generally normal, digital rectal examinations are extremely important. We report on a 50-year-old man who was diagnosed with leiomyosarcoma based on the histopathology of his transurethral prostatectomy specimen.