GNSS-Based Statistical Analysis of Ionospheric Anomalies During Typhoon Landings in Taiwan/Japan

Using the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) differenced total electron content (dTEC) series, the traveling ionosphere disturbances (TIDs) of 22 typhoons registered in Taiwan/Japan between 2013 and 2016 were studied. The horizontal speed of the first TID during a typhoon landing can be estimated by a two-station method with the ionosphere anomaly indicator in total electron count units (TE...