Anti-Proliferative And Apoptosis Induction Activity Of Rhizome Extracts Of Paris Polyphylla Smith On Oral Cancer Cell

Background: Paris polyphylla is a member of the family of Melanthiaceae (earlier Trilliaceae or Liliaceae). It is known as love apple in English. This traditional herbaceous medicinal plant is found mostly in South East Asia.Objective: To investigate the anti-proliferative and apoptosis induction activity of crude extracts of P. polyphylla on SAS oral cancer cell lines.Methods: The crude extracts (CE) of P. polyphylla (PP) collected from Rambrai (R), Meghalaya (Northeast India) were prepared by using 70% ethanol (E) and 70% methanol (M) solvents and named as PPR-ECE and PPR-MCE. The anti-proliferative effects of PPR-ECE and PPR-MCE were tested using the MTT assay. The apoptosis was examined by Annexin V-FITC/PI double-staining assay.Results: PPR-ECE significantly (p <= 0.05) decreased the proliferation of SAS cells up to 3.12% with an IC50 value of 25.84 mu g/ml. Whereas, PPR-MCE decreased the survival rate of SAS cells up to 24.67% (p <= 0.05) with an IC50 value of 425 mu g/ml. PPR-ECE demonstrated higher cytotoxicity than PPR-MCE against SAS cells. When SAS cells were treated with PPR-ECE and PPR-MCE for 72 h, the apoptotic cells increased from 0.1% (control) to 28.35% and 34% at 500 mu g/ml respectively.Conclusion: The present study revealed that P. polyphylla collected from Meghalaya has an anti-proliferative capacity to inhibit the multiplication of the SAS cells. In comparison to PPR-MCE extract, PPR-ECE was found to be more effective against SAS proliferation. Though the anticancer property of the herb is well documented, this investigation is the first report on the effects of P. polyphylla extracts against SAS oral cancer cells