Biofloc technology in aquaculture

Intensive aquaculture is undeniably the answer to an imminent need to enhance productivity and has contributed to a recent surge in global seafood production. However, rapid intensification comes with a cost, leading to ecological degradation, increasing the risk of crop failures and diseases, high feed cost, and economic loss. Biofloc technology that works on the microbial interactions in an ecological culture system is promising in addressing most of these challenges. However, there are several constraints in the real-world application of this novel technology in various aquaculture environments and target species of commercial significance. The mechanisms behind the beneficial effects of biofloc based on microbial dynamics are still being unraveled. Given the recent biotechnological innovations, the fast pace of research on bioflocs to improve yields, reduce effluents, and prevent diseases will significantly contribute to the sustainable intensification of aquaculture in the future.