Two-Dimensional Visualization of Radio-Frequency Waves using Cesium Vapor Atoms

This paper describes the two-dimensional visualization of radio-frequencies (RF) waves on a circuit board. The fluorescence associated with the double resonance of cesium atoms can upconvert the invisible RF waves into near-infrared light that can be viewed with an optical camera. RF waves on a micro-strip line are visualized by using cesium atoms enclosed in a large glass cell with an optical CCD camera. This visualization method will be a powerful tool for users of RF waves.